英语语法课件(通用18篇)

时间:2023-03-13 作者:好拿网

★ 英语语法课件 ★

介词preposition缩写prep.,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词(或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。

表示时间的(at 、on、in、at、before ,after、by、 until、through、from、since、within)

at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前

(2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用) on sunday在星期天 on sunday morning 在星期天的上午

(3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。

in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午

i think he will be back in an hour 。我想他一小时后就会回来。

i heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。

wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning 。今天早晨,魏华在7点之前起床了。

after that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull 。 从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。

by the time i arrived ,she had already gone 。

在我到达之前,她已经走了。

(7)for:达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时,过去时,将来时连用,但是经常和完成时连用。

florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest 。

弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。

during the lifetime of one man ,north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres 。

在一个人的一生期间,北美洲和欧洲由于漂移,其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。

he ,who led the united states through these years ,was shot on april 14, 1865 ,at a theater in washington

领导美国度过了这些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。

the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening 。工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。

(11)since:自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)

since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.从那时起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。

he will arrive within an hour 。他一小时内就人到。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

1、形容词的定义:形容词简称adv. 形容词简称adv.修饰v. adj.,其他adv.或全句的词,v.,adv.或全句的词修饰v.,adj.,其他adv.或全句的词,表示时间,地点,程度,方式等。表示时间,地

(1)形容词+ 名词+ ed kind-hearted 好心的,white-haired 白发的

(2)形容词+ 形容词red-hot 炽热的,dark-blue 深蓝的

(3)形容词+ 现在分词good-looking 好看的,easy-going 随和的

(4)副词+ 现在分词hard-working 勤劳的,fast-moving 快速转动的

(5)副词+ 过去分词hard-won 得来不易的,newly-made 新建的

(6)名词+ 形容词life-long 终生的,world-famous 世界闻名的

(7)名词+ 现在分词peace-loving 爱好和平的,fun-loving 爱开玩笑的

(8)名词+ 过去分词snow-covered 白雪覆盖的,hand-made 手工的

(9)数词+ 名词+ ed four-storeyed 4 层楼的,three-legged 3 条腿的

(10)数词+ 名词(名词用单数)ten-year 10 年的,two-man 两人的

★ 英语语法课件 ★

一、指代物

it可替代动植物与无生命的东西,,它与one的区别在于one= a/an + none; it = the + n。

1. ---Where is my pencil case? ---Isn’t it in your backpack?

2. ---I have a motorbike. It (= the motorbike) was bought three years ago.

3. As this chair is broken, I must have it (= the chair) repaired.

4. My father bought a pen and gave it (= the pen) to me.

5. You can not eat your cake and have it. 世事难两全。

试比较:

6. I have no dictionary, so I want to buy one. (one = a dictionary)

7. I have a dictionary, it is over there. (it = the dictionary)

二、指代人

it可指代一个未亲眼看到的、不明身份性别的'、面目不详的人,免费学英语网站,英语,或婴儿、儿童,照片中的人物等。

8. --- Who is there waving to you? ---It’s my friend Tom.

9. ---Who is crying in the room? ---It’s my brother Jack.

10. ---Who is knocking at the door? ---It must be Kate, my classmate.

11. ---Who is the girl in the photo on the wall? ---It’s my sister.

12. ---Who is it? ---It’s me. (有人敲门)

13. ---Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is. (敲门)

14. ---Oh, by the way, there is a telephone call for you. ---Who was it? (打电话)

15. ---Who is making so much noise? ---It must be the children.

16. There is a person knocking at the door. Who can it be?

17. Just at that time, in came a girl. It was Mark’s sister.

18. There is a young lady at the door. It is his daughter.

19. What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?

20. A baby is lying in the cradle. It was born two months ago.

21. The baby cry because it is hungry.

22. The baby has got its first tooth.

注意:若身份已确定则要用人称代词。

23. There is a lady at the door. She wants to see you.

注意:向别人介绍某人时用this。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

高考英语语法精要讲解:数词

1、数词在使用时应注意的问题

易错数词:

年月日及介词

计算用词

和数字相关的'词

2、综合

1) 数字表达:

123,856,709

one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine

2) 年月日

in the morning; on the morning of September 1;

in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)

3、计算

+Six and five is (are) eleven.

Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.

-Four from seven is (leaves) three.

Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.

X 16 x 11 = 176

Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.

÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3

Nine divided by three equals three.

4、dozen, score

A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs

B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times

5、小数,分数,百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.

分数和百分数引导的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数,其谓语动词用复数形式;如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.

More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.

70 percent od the fund(资金) was supplied by the Government.

6、一个半...的表达法.

one pound and a half ,one and a half years

★ 英语语法课件 ★

强调:

强调是一种修辞方式,如前面所说的“倒装”就是一种重要的强调手段。

此外,还可以借助助词进行强调,例如:

She did come yesterday; I saw her in the office.

本讲要讨论的`主要是“it is …。that…”强调句, 即:将句子中除谓语动词以外的成分(主语、宾语、状语等)用“it is …。that…”加以连接,组成强调句,如果是人,也可以用“it is… who…”, 例如:

John bought a toy train for his son yesterday.(昨天约翰给他儿子买了辆玩具火车。)

强调主语:It was John who (或that)bought a toy train for his son yesterday.

强调宾语:It was a toy train that John bought for his son yesterday.

强调宾语(或目的):It was for his son that John bought a toy train yesterday.

强调时间状语:It was yesterday that John bought a toy train for his son 。

学习强调句要注意以下两点:

不要与主语从句相混淆,例如:我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章: 高考高分生同样热衷出国留学高考后出国留学并非捷径 而是理性选择湖南省最新高考单科王者名单高考后申请澳洲留学的途径高考后最快办理留学美国途径2***年高考:云南考生填报志愿应避开6月30日高峰期2***年高考志愿填报开始 艺术类动漫专业成热门2***年高考志愿填报开始 专家支招高考填志愿2***年高考:如何根据高考分数线划定留学方案20高考:“禁令”之下,状元依旧频现公众视线 英语学习:职称英语考试:职称英语语法之强调与语序

It is well known that light travels in straight lines.

It was not until the early 18th century that the significance of the event was generally realized.

强调句与主语从句的简单区分是:强调句去掉“it is…that…”,句子结构依然正确,意思不变,如上句:“until the 18th century the significance of the event was not generally realized”。 但是主语从句就不行,如上句:“well know that light travels in straight line”就不通, 句中 “well know” 变成了无依着的成分。

我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章: 高考高分生同样热衷出国留学高考后出国留学并非捷径 而是理性选择2***年湖南省最新高考单科王者名单高考后申请澳洲留学的途径高考后最快办理留学美国途径2***年高考:云南考生填报志愿应避开6月30日高峰期2***年高考志愿填报开始 艺术类动漫专业成热门2***年高考志愿填报开始 专家支招高考填志愿2***年高考:如何根据高考分数线划定留学方案2***年高考:“禁令”之下,状元依旧频现公众视线

★ 英语语法课件 ★

2018考研英语语法摘抄

从属连词从属连词是用来引导从句的。

1.连词that, if, whether,连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose以及连接副词how, when, why, where可用来引导名词从句,充当主语、表语、宾语等。非正式文体中的宾语从句常省略that:

I think (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 我认为他一小时后就会回来。

Who they are doesn’t matter much. 他们是谁没什么大关系。

Can you tell me where he is? 你能告诉我他在哪儿吗?

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。

此外,that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等还可以引导定语从句。

2.连词when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引导时间状语从句:

She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的时候,和我打了招呼。

I’ll wait here until you come back. 我将在这里等你回来。

3.连词if, unless引导条件状语从句;because, as, since引导原因状语从句:

I’ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我,我就帮助她。

I won’t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我,否则我不会帮她。

He didn’t come because he was ill. 因为他病了,所以没来。

As he hasn’t appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他还没有出现,我们就先开始吧。

Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。

4.连词in order than, so that引导目的状语从句;so…that…引导结果状语从句:

I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把门锁上了,以便我们可以继续讨论而不受打扰。

The car ran so fast that I couldn’t see who was in it. 汽车跑得那么快,我没看清谁坐在里面。

5.连词than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用来引导比较状语从句:

He is better educated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的`教育好。

He is as well educated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一样好。

He is not as/so well educated as his brother. 他没有他兄弟受的教育好。

6.连词although, though 引导让步状语从句;where, wherever 引导地点状语从句:

I’ll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪儿,我就去那儿。

Stay where you are! 原地别动!

Though/Although she is rich, she’s not happy. 尽管她富有,但她并不幸福。

一般来说,连词性质的连接词连接两个分句或引导一个从句,两个分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

大家都知道,考研英语分为三个部分的考试内容,有完型、阅读及写作等,其中又包含翻译及新题型等。同学们可能会质疑,“考试不考语法啊,我干嘛还要学习语法呢?”。其实不然,语法是各个考试题型的基础。试想,不懂语法,我该怎么答完型?不懂语法,阅读怎么能读懂?不懂语法,能写出好的作文吗?答案是不能。因此,语法是我们做各个题型的基础,各位童鞋一定要努力拿下这片天地。语法该如何攻克呢?我们英语教研室王朋彦老师建议大家掌握基础语法,同时用真题来巩固语法,尤其从句部分大家要重点掌握,这对于未来阅读、翻译、写作都有重要意义。

第一,掌握基础语法

考研语法相对而言是有一定难度的。如果同学们上来就学习真题中特别难的长难句,那可能会被打击到。学习是一个先易后难的渐进过程。同学们可以先从最基本的语法知识开始,尤其是那些语法基础不好,甚至连一个句子中的状语,定语成分都分不清楚,也不大懂状语从句,定语从句等这类的童鞋。建议大家可以选择一本基础的语法书从头开始系统地复习一遍,然后找一本与考研相关的语法书看看,系统讲解的同时还有历年真题和例句分析的。同时通过做题巩固所学的语法知识。

第二,真题巩固语法

很多同学会反应,语法知识枯燥无比,并且好多语法知识看起来比较面熟,觉得自己对这部分语法知识了解的差不多了,就不太愿意再看语法书。同学们一定要注意,语法是很枯燥,但是没有语法,考研很难成功。因此,同学们一定要先对基础语法知识有很好的认知与了解。有了一定的基础之后,可以结合我们的真题,检验对语法知识的掌握情况。比如,看真题中的完型填空、阅读理解、英译汉等真题的内容。

假如真题做的不够好,这恰恰是大家语法掌握不够好的表现。这同时也是各位同学继续学习语法的动力。看语法书的同时,要对基本的语法知识进行整理,形成一个体系,也要对一些特殊的语法现象进行归纳,要手眼并用,不能只看不动手。另外,语法复习重在语法现象本身,而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语。

此外,考研英语的语法可以分为五个模块:句子成分,非谓语动词,并列连词,三大从句及特殊结构。对于每个模块的复习,同学们都应掌握最基本的语法知识点,比如非谓语动词的三种形式,比如并列连词有哪些,比如三大从句都是什么,有什么区别等等。同学们要掌握这些基本的语法知识。最重要的是,能够运用自己掌握的知识,真正用到解题过程中,运用到自己的文章阅读中。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。

有这样一道考题:

_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student

这道题很有一定难度。具体说来,它主要涉及两个考点:一是让步状语从句倒装后的词序问题。让步状语从句之所以要采用倒装结构,主要是为了强调位于句首的名词、形容词、副词、动词等,其词序形式为:被强调的成分+as / though + 主语+动词。二是在倒装的让步状语从句中,位于句首的单数可数名词是否带冠词的问题。按照英语习惯,英语中的单数可数名词在泛指时,一般要有不定冠词的修饰,但是位于倒装让步状语从句句首的单数可数名词是个例外,即使泛指其前也不加不定冠词。由此可知,上面这道考题的答案应为B。

为了帮助大家全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法,本文将这类语法现象归纳为以下五种句型:

一、名词+as / though+主语+动词

King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王,但他并不幸福。

Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子,但却知道帮助别人。

Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他虽然是老师,但也不可能什么都懂。

【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外,要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词,即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较:

Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩,却喜欢与女孩子玩。

Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强,但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。

二、形容词+as / though+主语+动词

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功,但不骄傲。

Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 虽然看起来不太可能,但却是真的。

Stupid as it sounds,I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢,我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。

Patient as he was,he didn’t like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心,也不愿等这么长。

Beautiful though the necklace was,we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮,我们认为价钱太高。

【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的.表语。

三、副词+as / though+主语+动词

Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎,但我不能住在那里。

Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力,却没法让她改变主意。

Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快,你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。

He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力,却未能取得很大进步。

Heavily as it is raining, the football game has been decided not to be put off. 尽管雨下得很大,但还是决定不推迟足球比赛。

【说明】有的词典将much as 作为习语看待,认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如:

Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他,但我却不喜欢他这个人。

Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活。

四、动词原形+as / though+主语+动词

Object as you may, I’ll go. 纵使你反对,我也要去。

Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法,却未解决这个问题。

Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查,他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。

Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他,但必须承认他的伟大。

Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了,我们却得到了许多经验。

Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了,但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。

【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义,则选用情态动词;若陈述事实,则用did, do 等助动词)。

五、分词+as / though+主语+动词

Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨,我还是要出去散步。

Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着,但我们还是设法前进了。

Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果,但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。

【三条补充说明】

1. 这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as, though 来引导,但不能用although来引导;但是,未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导,而不能用as来引导。也就是说,although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装,as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装,而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如:

虽然很晚了,但我们还是继续工作。

正:Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.

正:Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.

误:Late although it was, we still went on working.

误:As it was late, we still went on working.

2. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因,区别的办法主要看句子的内容:让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反,而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较:

Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了,但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步)

Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累,所以他睡得很早。(表原因)

Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻,却能胜任这项工作。(表让步)

Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻,所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因)

3. 在美国英语中,人们通常用as…as引导让步状语从句。如:

Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 尽管天气冷,我们还是出去了。

Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功了,但不骄傲。

英语语法倒装句知识点:“only+状语”置于句首句子要倒装

【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。

请看下面一道涉及only的倒装试题:

Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.

A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are

此题应选 B。容易误选D。至于A,C,这比较容易排除,因为情态动词 can 不能与 be able to用在同一谓语中。本题之所以要选B而不选D,主要是因为句首用了only in thisway 的缘故,按照英语语法规则:“only+状语”位于句首,句子通常要用倒装语序(部分倒装——用一般疑问句形式)。如:

1. “only 副词”位于句首。如:

Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那时我才意识到是我错了。

2. “only+介词短语”位于句首。如:

Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。

Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在阅览室才能找到他。

3. “only+状语从句”位于句首。如:

Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。

注意:若位于句首的不是only+状语,而是 only+宾语等,则通常无需倒装(但有时也可以倒装)。如:

Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。

Only one more point will I make. 我只再说明一点。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

英语语法大全汇总

.直接引语/间接引语

如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词

1) 时态变化:

一般现在时——一般过去时

现在进行时——过去进行时

一般过去时——过去完成时

现在完成时——过去完成时

一般将来时——过去将来时

be going to——was/were going to/would

can--could

may--might

2) 时间地点及指示词的变化:

here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that…

3) 人称变化:根据句意改变人称。

4) 直接宾语/间接宾语

主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。

He gives me a book.(me间接宾语,a book直接宾语)

直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for:

主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语

Give me a book. = Give the book to me.

Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.

Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.

二.将来完成进行时

形式

will/shall have been+现在分词用于第一人称,而 will have been+现在分词用于其他人称。

用法

正如将来完成时一样,它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用:

By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years.

到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。

将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时:

1. 动作本身就是连续的:

By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.

到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。

2. 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作:

By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years.

到了这个月底他驯马/登山就满20年了。

但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目,或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作,就必须用将来完成时:

By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains.

到本月底,他驯服的马就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了

三.过去完成进行时

表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到另一个过去时刻,到那个时刻,该动作可能刚刚终止,也有可能还在继续。

形式

had been + V-ing形式

用法

1. 过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间的关系,可以用时间状语来表示,也可以通过上下文来表示。例如:

By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days. 到上个月为止,他们在这里工作大约有十天了。

She said that she had been listening to radio after school. 她说她放学后一直在听收音机。

2. 过去完成时可以表示一个动作已经结束,但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。例如:

It had been raining and the street was still wet. 天一直在下雨,街道仍然很湿。

3. 像 work、study、stay、sing、teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻,通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。例如:

She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her. 当她的同学来看她的时候,她学习有两个小时了。

4. 过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别:过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行。例如:

I was writing a letter when she came to see me. 当她来看我时我正在写信。

I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me. 当她来看我的时候,我已经写了两个小时的信了。

5. 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的不同:过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的`动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:

They had just had breakfast when Tom came in. 汤姆来时,他们刚吃过早饭。

They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in. 汤姆来时,他们已经吃了十分钟的早饭了。

四.现在完成进行时

现在完成进行的形式

I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词

He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词

现在完成进行的功用

1) 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如:

Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.

Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如:

It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)

Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.

3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如:

She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如:

Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.

The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

注意:

现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。

现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以。

现在完成进行时的否定结构

在当代英语中,现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如:

Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好.

He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过,我和他没有过那许多接触。

否定句构成:

主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词

一般疑问句构成:

Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他

过去将来完成时

五.过去将来完成时

形式

should / would have done sth.

用法

1、 过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作,并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。

I thought you'd have left by this time. 我想这会儿你已经走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock. 他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。

I guessed that Helen would have told her something. 我猜海伦会告诉她一些情况的。

2、 过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。

六.过去将来进行时

过去将来进行时:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。

基本用法:

用于间接引语:They said they would be coming.(他们说了他们将要来。)

用于定语从句:The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses.(他将要接受的新工作是养赛马。 )

作用:

1. 过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作:

例如:He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.(他说他不能来因为要开会。)

2. 过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作:它常和表过去将来的时间状语连用,但上下文清楚时,时间状语亦可省略。和将来进行时一样,它也常表计划中的事,不表意愿或打算。它还有一个特点,即常用在宾语从句(尤其是间接引语)中。

例如:John told us that Mary would be coming next day.(约翰告诉我们玛丽第二天来。)

3. 过去将来进行时有时也可用在其它从句中:

用在定语从句中:The new name he would be using was Jack Jones.(他将用的新名是杰克琼斯。)

用在状语从句中:He would pay the rest as he would be leaving France.(其余款项,他将在离开法国时付清。)

4. 过去将来进行时也可用在独立句中:

例如:The car started. Ellen James would be driving off to the university.(车子发动了。埃伦詹姆斯要开车到大学去。)

★ 英语语法课件 ★

中考中当然也会涉及到其他诸如代词、数词、介词、和连词等的用法。

下面我就简单提醒大家每类词需注意的地方。

1. 代词

同学们需掌握以下不定代词:

all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every构成的'合成词如 nobody等,并注意不定代词的定语后置,如something English

2. 数词

同学们需要记住一些特殊拼写的序数词。

如:第1--- first 第2--- second 第3--- third 第5--- fifth 第9--- ninth

第12--- twelfth 第20--- twentieth

另外需要记住以下短语:

hundreds of 数以百计

thousands of 数以千计

tens of thousands of 数以万计

several millions of好几百万

但表示确切的百或千时不能用复数形式,如:

ten thousand

three million

3. 介词的考察

主要是介词短语,特别是那些有固定搭配和固定用法的介词短语。这类短语比较多,这里我不再一一赘述,大家可以看《初中英语复习指导》第204页至208页上的词组。但我要特别提几个以前旧教材所没有的短语,请大家注意。

如, speak highly of高度赞扬

regard as 视为,把看做

★ 英语语法课件 ★

1. --Have you ever seen Peter recently?

--Yes. He__________ me to ask you how you___________ along with your new job these days.

A. has asked;have been getting B. asked ;were getting

C. often asks;are getting D. asked;are getting

2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see___________ the next year

3. --I'll help you whenever you need me,

--I would love____________.

A. you helping B. that you'll help

4. I hope____________ the job she's applied for(申请).

A. she's going to get B. she'll get

C. she is to get D. she decides to get

5. Mrs. Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because she___________ that the cloth__________ very well.

A. has been told;washes B. is told;is washed

C. has been told ;is washed D. is told ;is washed

6. Let us not waste____________ time we have left.

A. the little B. little C. a little D. a little more

7. I think the doctor is able to cure of

A. all B. what C. whatever D. anything

8. __________ , we'll come to see you again.

A. If time will permit B. Time permits

C. Time permitting D. Time permited

9. --Nancy is not coming tonight.

--But she ___________ !

10.__________ some maddals came to live in the sea is not

A. Which B. Since C. Although D. How

11. --Paul, I'd like to have a talk with you at tea break.

-- __________ Have what with me?

A. Yes, please. B. Sorry? C. Thanks. D. You're welcome.

12. If you ____________ stop smoking, you can only expect to have a bad cough.

A. won't B. would not C. do not D. can not

13. He's unlucky,and he's always suffering____________ luck one after another.

A. a sick B. an ill C. sick D. ill

14. The news about the terrible flood there greatly discouraged __________ there for a sightseeing.

A. us from going B. us to go C. our going D. our to go

15. If I had__________ , I'd visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.

A. a logn enough holiday B an enough long holiday

C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough

16. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to__________.

A. put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out

17. Besides Tom, ________ Crosettes have two other sons, __________ of whom are all interested in making model planes.

18. Mr. Zhang gaVeall textbooks to all the pupils, except___________ who had already taken tem.

A. these B. dnes C. the ones D. the others

19. ____________professional violinist practices for several hours a day, but____________ violinist has his own way of playing the Beethoven concert.

A. Each, every B. Every, each C. One, a D. All, each

20.-Who has taken my pen away?

-__________. He was here a moment ago.

A. It must be Li Ping B. It is Li Ping take

C. Li Ping is D. Li Ping must take

21. My dictionary__________. I have looked for it everywhere but still

A. has lost;do not find B. is missing;do not find

C. has lost;have not found D. is missing;have not found

22. Shortly after the accident, two___________ police were sent to the spot to keep order.

A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen

23. -May I have another chocolate?

-Yes, of course.___________.

A. Take it yourself B. Eat it, please

C. Help yourself D. Have it yourself

24. We will take________ wants to go there for a sight - seeing.

A. whoever B. who C. anybody D. all that

25. I caught the last bus from town, but Harry came home___________ that night.

A. very late B. even later C. the same late D. the last one

26. --What was the party like?

--Wonderful. It is years_____________ I enjoyed myself so much.

27. Isn't it very kind __________ your parents to do that for us?

28. There is a _________ of 1000 dollars for the return

A. reward B. prize C. thank D. prsise

29. A man does not know the difficulty of anything_________ he does it personally.

A. although B. if C. because D. unless

30. I don't remember___________ to the airport that year.

A. to be taken B. being taken C. having D. to take

答案详解:

1.D文句的含义是:“近来你见到彼德了吗?”第一个答语是肯定的,后面的动作是过去的事,因此使用asked。第二空是否受asked的制约,要由离第二个空白处最近的动词决定,离它近的是动词不定式to ask,据此根据句意,第二个空白处应该使用现在进行时。

2.C本题考查的是定语从句的用法。在这个定语从句里,they是其主语,would like to see是其复合谓语,that修饰的是先行词the plan,同时that也是see的宾语,the plan是被执行的,被实施的,只有过去分词可以表示被动。

3.C本题考查的是动词不定式,应该掌握1 would love/like to do/have done这个固定用法。所以本题的正确答案是C。

4.B will或shall用来表示希望或期望。因此在表示与希望有关的动词或动词短语的宾语从句中的将来时态时,要用will或shall。这些动词或短语是:hope,expect,be sure,believe,think,suppose,doubt和be afraid等。

5.A根据语境,第一个空白处应该使用现在完成时的被动语态,第二个空白处应该选用washes,因为wash这个动词也可作不及物动词使用,它的词意是“耐洗”。英语中This cloth washes well表达的是:这布很耐洗。

6.A一般地说,不定代词many,little或few前是不许使用定冠词的,但是如果他们修饰的名词有特指或限定意义时,它们前面就应使用定冠词了。如:I soon finished the few books she had lent me.(她借给我的那几本书,我很快就看完了乎)

7.C whatever具备两个意思,其一是no matter what,引导让步状语从句;其二是anything that,引导名词性从句,在本题中,whatever引导的是一个宾语从句,whatever 在这个宾语从句中被用作主语。

8.C本题考查独立主格结构的相关知识。独立主格结构在句中作条件状语,逻辑上应该是“如果时间允许的话”。

9.B本题是对动词的时态的考查,考生只要抓住句中not coming,说明“答应”发生的时间是在过去。故使用动词的一般过去式。

10.D该句的从句由疑问副词how引导的主语从句。选项B、C中的since和a1though不能引导主语从句;选项A中的which虽能引导主语从句,但与some矛盾。

11.B本题是交际用语的考查。解此题的关键是看到答句中have what with me,说明说话人没有听清楚问话人,只有B项符合题意。

12.A will除了用作表示将来时的助动词外,还可用来强调愿意或不愿意。又如:If you will/would wait a moment,1 will fetch the money。但是在表示不肯或不愿意时,则只能使用won't,不能使用would not。

13.D英语中的名词有可数与不可数之分,luck是不可数名词,用来修饰贬意的luck的形容词有bad,poor或ill,这时ill的词义是:不好的。

14.A discourage与encourage互为反义词。英语中说“鼓励某人做某事”时使用encourage sb.to do sth.,但如果表示“使某人没勇气做某事”时,不能用discourage sb.to do sth.,其正确形式是:discourage sb from doing stho

15.A本题是形容词序的排列。enough修饰形容词应该后置,修饰名词应该前置。

16.D本题的关键是理解题干的意思。句子的含义是:“没有人注意到小偷进屋,因为那时灯熄了。”符合题意的只有D项。

17.D在英语的姓氏前使用定冠词,表示的是这个姓氏的一家人或这个姓氏的夫妇:“the+数词+0f+代词”这一结构表示该代词的总数是前面的数词表示的数量, 而“数词+.of+代词”结构中的代词表示的量肯定大于前面数词表示的数量。

18.C one本来是数词,但也可用作不定代词,代替前面刚提到的一个东西或人,避免重复前面刚提到的名词,有时one可以有自己的定语或冠词,甚至可以有复数形式。

19.B every与each都是指“每一个”,但内涵不一样。every与all含义很接近。英文中常用every进行概括,强调事物或人的总体性,而each则表示个别概念,当我们说each violinist时,我们想到的是每个不同的人做着不同的事。

20.A本题是对情态动词的考查。句意表示肯定的推测用must,而it指问句中提到的who。

21.D lose是个及物动词,如果要表示某物丢失了,只能用被动语态。A项与C项 使用的都是其主动形式。missing是形容词,其词义是:lost;not to be found(丢失了), 据此,第一空缺处应填人is missing。根据语境,第二个空缺处应填使用现在完成时的否定形式,因为它可以表示目前还未发生的动作。

22.D英语中一些表示数字的名词的前面如果用了数词,这些名词必须是单数形式,如dozen(一打),score(二十)和head(头)等,例如:另外两打鸡蛋another two dozen eggs。但是如果这些名词用来虚指某些可数名词时,这些名词呈复数形式,其后要加上介词of,例如:dozens of pencils(几十支铅笔)。

23.C本题是口语中习惯用法。help yourself表示“请自便”。考生只要理解了题意便能比较容易找出答案。

24.A whoever具备两个意思,其一是no matter who,引导让步状语从句;其二是anyone who,引导名词性从句,在本题中,whoever引导的是一个宾语从句,whoever在这个宾语从句中用作主语。

25.B形容词或副词的比较级有时可以使用在暗示比较句中。暗示比较现象往往出现在带有but的并列句里,或带有让步状语从句的主句里。第一分句交代的是暗示某种程度的被比对象,在第二分句里以比较级的形式出现。

26.D英语中“It is+时间”有三种不同的用法。其一是:“It is+时间+that…”,这是强调结构的句型;其二是:“It is+一段时间before…”,这一句型的意思是:“完这个从句所表示的事所需的时间量”;其三是:“It is+一段时间+since...”这一句型表示的是从从句中动词的动作起所延续的时间。

27.D本题是固定用法的考查。It is+形容词+of/for+sb.+t0 do是固定的句型。但两个句型用法不同,如果形容词表示人的性质,如kind,nice等必须用of。

28.A本题是词语辨析题。只要理解the return of the gold ring,考生就能知道1000 dollars是作为答谢,故用reward。

29.D连词unless本身具有否定意义:i£..not,引导的是否定的条件句,这种否定的条件句从反面来强调的语气,一些语法学家称它为“反面的惟一条件句”,如: One cannot master a foreign language well unless he studies it hard.

30.B本题是非谓语动词的考查。remember后可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式,但含义不同。不定式表示''记得要干还没干“,动词-ing形式表示”记得干了某事"。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

关于中考英语语法基础

【中考英语】语法基础-5

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的`非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)

爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)

你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)

★ 英语语法课件 ★

引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略:

1. 宾语从句前有插入语。如:

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。

2. 有间接宾语时。如:

He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。

3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如:

He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。

4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如:

I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。

5. that从句单独回答问题时。如:

—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?

—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。

6. 在except等介词后。如:

He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。

7. 位于句首时。如:

That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。

8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如:

He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。

初中英语语法:about的用法与语法说明

1. 表示“关于”,注意与介词 on 的区别:

about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通;而 on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较为严肃。试比较:

(1) a book on rabbits 指的是一本论及兔子的学术著作

(2) a book about rabbits 指的可能是一本供小孩看的关于兔子的故事书

2. 表示“带在身上”,一般指随身带的小物品,有时可与表示类似含义的介词 with

on 换用:

He has a watch about [on, with] him. 他带着表。

3. 用于数字前,表示“大约”:

The computer cost me about 600dollars. 这台电脑大约花了我600美元。

4. 在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词 about / of, 含义有差别:

I have heard about him, but I don’t know him. 我听到过一些关于他的事,但不认识他这个人。

I’ve heard of him, but I don’t know about him. 我听说过他,但我不知道有关他的情况。

比较:

know sb 认识某人

know of sb 知道有某人

know aboutsb 知道有关某人的事或情况

hear sb 听到某人 (讲话)

hear of sb听说过某人

hear about sb 听到关于某人的事或情况

5. be about to (do),意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语 (如:

soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)连用:

正:He is about to return to his homeland. 他即将回乡。

误:He is about to return to his homeland tomorrow.

(1) 该短语可与并列连词when (这时)连用:

I was (just) about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉,这时突然电话铃响了起来。

(2) be about 之后可接动名词 (但 be about to 之后不能接动名词):

I was (just) about going to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉,这时突然电话铃响了起来。

6. be about 在干…,忙于…:

What are you about? 你在干什么?

初中英语语法大全:常用表示时间的介词

一、at, on, in

(A) at表示“在某一时刻,某一时点”。如:

I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。

注:at daybreak在黎明;at noon在中午;at night在夜间;at Christmas在圣诞节期间;at the age of five在五岁时。

(B) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:

I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。

We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。

(C) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如:

in the 20th century在20世纪;in 1999在1999年;in winter在冬季;in September在九月;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上。

二、for, during, through

(A) for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。如:

She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。

(B) during表示“在……期间”。如:

I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。

(C) through表示“一直……,自始至终”。如:

They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。

三、from, since

(A) from表示“时间的起点”,可译作“从……”,多用于“from…to/till…”中。如:

You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。

(B) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”。如:

He has been away from home since 1973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。

We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。

注意:for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。

四、before, by, till, until

(A) before指“在……之前”,与after相对。如:

Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。

(B) by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”。如:

We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。

We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. 到本学期结束前,我们将学了两千英语单词了。

注:by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。

(C) till (until) “直到……为止”。如:

You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。

注:在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。如I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。

五、after, in, within

(A) after表示“在……之后”,是before的反义词。如:

He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症,一年后去世了。

The meeting will end afte


★ 英语语法课件 ★

1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。

1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?

2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.

3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.

4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.

5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.

6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.

7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?

8) Helen’s writing paper is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.

9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.

10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?

2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。

1) Jim is good in English and Maths.

2) The films were in the ground just now.

3) They are talking to their plans.

4) How many students have their birthdays on May?

5) Women’s Day is at the third of March.

6) I can jog to school on the morning.

7) Did you water trees at the farm?

8) Can you come and help me on my English?

9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.

10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?

小升初英语语法大全:可数名词(上)

乐加乐英语:小升初英语语法大全:可数名词(上),供大家参考学习~

可数名词的语法特征

1. 可数名词可以受不定冠词"a,an"的修饰。

This is a book. 这是一本书。

Pass me an egg, please. 请递给我一个蛋。

2. 可数名词可以受基数词的修饰。

There are four pears on the plate. 盘子上有四个梨。

3. 可数名词有复数形式。

Who are those women under the tree? 树下那些女人是谁?

How many people are there in your family? 你们家有几口人?

I don't like pineapples. 我不喜欢菠萝。

4. 可数名词的单数形式不能独立使用,必须有"a,the,my"等的修饰。

She never wears a hat. 她从不戴帽子。(泛指)

Be careful of the dog. 当心那条狗。(特指)

That's her bag. 那是她的提包。

5. 复数名词可以独立使用,表示泛指。

Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物。(泛指)

复数形式变化及发音规则

复合名词改成复数形式

一、在词尾加 -s 或 -es

1. 主体名词在词末

bedroom → bedrooms 卧室

toothbrush → toothbrushes 牙刷

greenhouse → greenhouses 温室

letter-box → letter-boxes 信箱

2. 没有主体名词

go-between → go-betweens 中间人

break-in → break-ins 闯入

has-been → has-beens 过时的人、过时的物

forget-me-not → forget-me-nots 勿忘草

hand-me-down → hand-me-downs 旧衣

二、在主体名词词尾加 -s 或 -es

son-in-law → sons-in-law 女婿

editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief 总编辑

commander-in-chief → commanders-in-chief 总司令

passer-by → passers-by 过路人

vice-premier → vice-premiers 副总理

三、两个构成部分都要变成复数形式

a woman cook → women cooks 女厨师

a man nurse → men nurses 男护士

编辑推荐:小升初英语语法

高考英语二轮语法易混词、词组辨析及试题集

1. must和have to

这两个词均表示"必须",must常偏重主观意志,而have to偏重客观需要。must一般只用于一般现在时和将来时态,而have to则有更多的时态。例如:

We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我们每天必须六点钟起床。

It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 没有时间了,我们必须快点起床。

We must follow the Party forever. 我们必须永远跟着党走。

He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他说他第二天得和她一道去。

2. almost 和nearly

这两个词意思均为"几乎"、"差不多"。但从程度的角度上说almost更接近些,感情色彩也更浓。在与表示否定意义的词never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none连用时,要用almost,不能用nearly。但可以说not nearly,而不能说not almost。例如:

It's nearly time. 时间快到了。

It's almost time. 时间马上就到了。

Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 几乎没有人知道昨天发生在街上的那起交通事故。

3. the number of 和 a number of

the number of 意为"……数目",用单数谓语动词。a number of 意为"许多的"、"一些",用复数谓语动词。例如:

A number of students visited the factory last month. 上个月许多学生参观了那个工厂。

The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校学生的人数是三千多。

4. go to sleep 和 go to bed

go to sleep 意为"入睡",指睡着了,表示状态。go to bed 意为"去睡觉",指上床去睡觉,表示动作。例如:

We usually go to bed at eleven. 我们通常十一点上床睡觉。

I found that he had gone to sleep. 我发现他已经睡着了。

5. receive 与 accept

receive(vt.)意为"接受",没有主观色彩,指收到了送来的东西。accept(vt.)意为"接受",指乐意接受,强调主观愿望。例如:

She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.

她收到了他的礼物,但她拒绝接受。

I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天,我收到了一封来 自美国的信。

I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建议。

6. at the end of 和 in the end

at the end of 意为"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意为"最后"、"最终"是finally和at last的同义词。例如:

After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十个月以后,他最终完成了工作。

There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。

7. well和good

两词均译为"好"。当两词都为形容词时,good常用作定语。如用作表语时,后面常与介词for连用。well为形容词时, 多用作表语,指身体好。也可用作定语。例如:

Spring is a good season. 春天是个好季节。

Milk is good for children. 牛奶对儿童有益。

When I saw him, he looked well. 我见到他时,他显得很健康。

He is not a well man. 他不是一个健康的人。

well还为副词,而good的副词也是well。例如:

He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作业完成得很好。

8. sleep和asleep sleep(v.) 动词"睡觉"。asleep(adj.)形容词"睡着的"、"沉睡的",只用作表语,表示某人睡着了。也常置于名词后,作补语。例如:

The baby sleeps well. 这个婴儿睡得很熟。

Mother is asleep in the next room. 妈妈在隔壁房里睡着了。

asleep也常与fall连用。例如:

he has fallen asleep. 他已经睡熟了。

9. have been to 和 has gone to

have been to… "曾到过……"指曾到过某地,说话时人已经回来。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了,说话时,人已不在这里了。例如:

I have been to Japan. 我曾到过日本。

You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你见不到他了, 他已经去天津了。

10. sometimes、sometime和some time

sometimes(adv.)意为"有时"、"不时"是频度副词,用作状语。sometime(adv.)意为"某时"、"日后",副词,用作状语。some time意为"一些时候",副词短语,用作状语(也可用作名词性短语)。例如:

I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些时候了。

I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周,我会来看你的 。

Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有时起得早, 有时起得晚。

11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner

三个词均为"在……角"。in the corner 为"在……角里";on the corner为"在……角上""在……拐角上"; at the corner为"在……角边"。下图可表示三个词的区别:

in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner

例如:The bank is on (at) the corner. 银行就在拐角上。

In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.

在办公室的角落有一张桌子,在桌角上放着一个口袋。

corner作"拐角"解,与之搭配的介词,美国英语多用on,英国英语通常用at;corner作角(即180o以内的角)解时与之搭配的介词用in,在……内部的"角",习惯上用in the corner of….

例如:误:The girl sat at the corner in the classroom

正:The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.

那个女孩子坐在教室的角落里。

训练

1、Don't sit the corner of the table.

A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)

2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.

A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)

3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.

A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)

4.The house stands ____ the corner.

A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)

典型错误例析

1. 承蒙相助,不胜感激。

误:That's very kind to you to help me.

正:That's very kind of you to help me.

析:在得到对方帮助、善待时, 你要表示自己的感激之情,常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意为"(某人)对(某人)好"。

2.我想尽可能早点见到他。

误:I would like seeing him as soon as possible.

正:I would like to see him as soon as possible.

析:would like ='d like, 用来表示"想要、希望、愿意",后跟动词不定式,不跟动名词。

3.我对他的汉语有些担忧。

误:I'm worried for his Chinese. 正:I'm worried about his Chinese.

析:"对……担忧"应用 be worried about 。

4.两个月太长了。

误:Two months are quite a long time.

正:Two months is quite a long time.

析:表示重量、时间、长度、价值等的名词作主语,尽管是复数形式,但仍作为一个整体看待,动词一般用单数形式。如:

Ten dollars is enough. 十美元够了。

5.全家人打算在那儿呆两个月。

误:The whole family are going there for two months.

正:The whole family is going there for two months.

析:在这里family指整个家庭,所以动词用单数形式。试比较:My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。(这里指家庭成员,动词用复数)

6.我看见他们正在踢足球。

误:I saw them play football.

正:I saw them playing football.

析:在see、hear、watch等动词后,既可接不带to 的动词不定式,又可带现在分词作宾语补足语,但它们所表示的意义不同。用不定式时说明动作发生了,即动作的全部过程结束了。用现在分词表示动作正在发生,即处于发生的过程 中,还没有结束。

7.我对科学感兴趣。

误:I'm interesting in science.

正:I'm interested in science.

析:interesting "令人感兴趣的",可用作标语,其主语是物,也可以用作定语,修饰人或物。interested"感兴趣的",常用于be(become) interested的结构,主语是人。

8.她没乘车去,而是步行的。

误:She went there on foot instead by bus.

正:She went there on foot instead of by bus.

正:She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.

析:instead"代替",表示前面的事情没有做,而是做了后面的事,一般位于句首或句尾,但不能位于句中,且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那个句子一般是肯定形式,前面的那个句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意义,后可接一个并列成分。

9.那个男孩有那么多奇怪的问题。

误:The boy had such many strange questions.

正:The boy had so many strange questions.

析:表示"这样(那样)多",可用so many(用于复数可数名词)或so much (用不可数名词)。它们是固定搭配,so 不能用such代替。

10.请让他把音量调小点儿。

误:Ask him to turn off it, please.

正:Ask him to turn it down, please.

析:表示通过使用开关或调节器,将电器或类似用品(收音机、电视机等)的声音、亮度等调低、关小,用turn down, 其中down是副词,若是代词作宾语时,则要把代词放在turn和down之间。

11.下周我将乘飞机去上海。

误:I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.

正:I'll fly to Shanghai next week.

正:I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.

析:fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再与by air 连用,以免重复。

12.我每周看一次电影。

误:I go to the cinema once every week.

正:I go to the cinema once a week.

析:表示在一段时间内出现一定的次数,用"次数+一段时间"这一结构。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周(月、年)两次。

13.包里装满了书。

误:The bag is full with books.

正:The bag is full of books.

正:The bag is filled with books.

析:be full of =be filled with, 意为"某容器装满了某物",其主语多为容器。

14.我们每个人都有一本词典。

误:Each we have a dictionary.

正:We have a dictionary each.

正:Each of us has a dictionary.

析:each可用作同位语,放在主语、助动词、连系动词之后或句末,谓语动词用复数形式。each of 可和人称代词的宾格连用,谓语用单数形式。

15.手术持续了五个小时。

误:The operation kept five hours.

正:The operation lasted for five hours.

析:动词last可用来表示某事物持续存在下去,也可用于下列情况:某物的数量达到在需要的一段时间内够用,即可说那样东西持续(多长时间)。而keep为"保存、保持"之意,与题意不符。

16.你知道他们的飞机什么时候离开北京吗? 误:Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?

正:Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?

析:宾语从句不论其原来结构如何,都使用陈述句语序,即:不颠倒主谓语,也不另加助动词。

17.昆明的天气比兰州的好。

误:The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.

正:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.

析:在比较句型中,比较的内容应前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天气"与"兰州的天气"比较,而不是与"兰州"这个地名相比较。

18.他告诉我们太阳是圆的。

误:He told us that the sun was round.

正:He told us that the sun is round.

析:在含宾语从句的复合句中,主句是一般过去时,从句可根据需要选用过去的某种时态,但从句若陈述的真理性、普遍性的事情等时,则常用一般现在时。

19.没有消息就是好消息。

误:No news are good news.

正:No news is good news.

析:news尽管看上去是复数形式,但常用作不可数名词,后面的谓语动词要用 单数形式。

20.那台电视机现在立在我们起居室的角落里。

误:That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.

正:That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.

析:"在室内角落处"应说in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在(街、墙)的拐角处"。

21. 他正在忙着做家务。

误:He is busy to do his housework.

正:He is busy doing his housework.

正:He is busy with his housework.

析:be busy doing 表示"忙于做……",doing不能改为to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……",但后面只能接名词,不能接动词的"-ing"形式。

22.我不得不告诉你这件事,对吗?

误:I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?

正:I had to tell you about it, didn't I

析:have to 意为"不得不",其疑问句式的构成不能用have,而要根据不同的人称和世态,选用助动词do 、does 或did。

特别提醒:

含有动词意义的介词

在英语中,有一些介词表示的却是动词的含义,主要有:

1.at : 在与表达感情的形容詞连用时,可代替"听""看"等动词,如:

She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她听到这个坏消息时,大吃一惊。

2.to : 在与go, come , invite等动词连用时, 可代替 "参加""出席" 等动词, 如:

Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去开会去了。

3.for;在与go, come , return等动词连用时,可代替后面表明 "目的" 动词, 如:

What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他来干么?他来取钱包。

4.for : 在与start, leave, set等表示离开,启程等动词连用时,相当于汉语的' "走""到""往" 等意思,如:

They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五时,他们出发去上海。

5.有些介词短语作連系动词的表语,有动词含义,如:What is he at? 他在干什么?

6.有些介词短语可代替动词不定式短语,作定语,自然会有动词意义,如: It's time for breakfast.现在是早餐的时间了/ 该吃早饭了。

7.with,在类似下列的句子中,意为use,如:

He often writes with my pen他时常以我的钢笔写. 他常有我的钢笔写字。

8.by与表示交通工具的单词连用,相当于汉语的 "坐""乘" 等意思,如:

Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火车去工作? 你们打算乘飞机还是坐火车去旅行?

但是不能说这些介词就等于这些动词,更不能用它们充当谓语动词。

高考英语二轮语法易混词、词组辨析及试题集

1. must和have to

这两个词均表示"必须",must常偏重主观意志,而have to偏重客观需要。must一般只用于一般现在时和将来时态,而have to则有更多的时态。例如:

We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我们每天必须六点钟起床。

It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 没有时间了,我们必须快点起床。

We must follow the Party forever. 我们必须永远跟着党走。

He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他说他第二天得和她一道去。

2. almost 和nearly

这 两个词意思均为"几乎"、"差不多"。但从程度的角度上说almost更接近些,感情色彩也更浓。在与表示否定意义的词never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none连用时,要用almost,不能用nearly。但可以说not nearly,而不能说not almost。例如:

It's nearly time. 时间快到了。

It's almost time. 时间马上就到了。

Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 几乎没有人知道昨天发生在街上的那起交通事故。

3. the number of 和 a number of

the number of 意为"……数目",用单数谓语动词。a number of 意为"许多的"、"一些",用复数谓语动词。例如:

A number of students visited the factory last month. 上个月许多学生参观了那个工厂。

The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校学生的人数是三千多。

4. go to sleep 和 go to bed

go to sleep 意为"入睡",指睡着了,表示状态。go to bed 意为"去睡觉",指上床去睡觉,表示动作。例如:

We usually go to bed at eleven. 我们通常十一点上床睡觉。

I found that he had gone to sleep. 我发现他已经睡着了。

5. receive 与 accept

receive(vt.)意为"接受",没有主观色彩,指收到了送来的东西。accept(vt.)意为"接受",指乐意接受,强调主观愿望。例如:

She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.

她收到了他的礼物,但她拒绝接受。

I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天,我收到了一封来 自美国的信。

I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建议。

6. at the end of 和 in the end

at the end of 意为"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意为"最后"、"最终"是finally和at last的同义词。例如:

After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十个月以后,他最终完成了工作。

There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。

7. well和good

两词均译为"好"。当两词都为形容词时,good常用作定语。如用作表语时,后面常与介词for连用。well为形容词时, 多用作表语,指身体好。也可用作定语。例如:

Spring is a good season. 春天是个好季节。

Milk is good for children. 牛奶对儿童有益。

When I saw him, he looked well. 我见到他时,他显得很健康。

He is not a well man. 他不是一个健康的人。

well还为副词,而good的副词也是well。例如:

He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作业完成得很好。

8. sleep和asleep sleep(v.) 动词"睡觉"。asleep(adj.)形容词"睡着的"、"沉睡的",只用作表语,表示某人睡着了。也常置于名词后,作补语。例如:

The baby sleeps well. 这个婴儿睡得很熟。

Mother is asleep in the next room. 妈妈在隔壁房里睡着了。

asleep也常与fall连用。例如:

he has fallen asleep. 他已经睡熟了。

9. have been to 和 has gone to

have been to… "曾到过……"指曾到过某地,说话时人已经回来。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了,说话时,人已不在这里了。例如:

I have been to Japan. 我曾到过日本。

You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你见不到他了, 他已经去天津了。

10. sometimes、sometime和some time

sometimes(adv.)意为"有时"、"不时"是频度副词,用作状语。sometime(adv.)意为"某时"、"日后",副词,用作状语。some time意为"一些时候",副词短语,用作状语(也可用作名词性短语)。例如:

I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些时候了。

I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周,我会来看你的 。

Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有时起得早, 有时起得晚。

11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner

三个词均为"在……角"。in the corner 为"在……角里";on the corner为"在……角上""在……拐角上"; at the corner为"在……角边"。下图可表示三个词的区别:

in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner

例如:The bank is on (at) the corner. 银行就在拐角上。

In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.

在办公室的角落有一张桌子,在桌角上放着一个口袋。

corner作"拐角"解,与之搭配的介词,美国英语多用on,英国英语通常用at;corner作角(即180o以内的角)解时与之搭配的介词用in,在……内部的"角",习惯上用in the corner of….

例如:误:The girl sat at the corner in the classroom

正:The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.

那个女孩子坐在教室的角落里。

训练

1、Don't sit the corner of the table.

A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)

2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.

A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)

3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.

A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)

4.The house stands ____ the corner.

A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)

典型错误例析

1. 承蒙相助,不胜感激。

误:That's very kind to you to help me.

正:That's very kind of you to help me.

析:在得到对方帮助、善待时, 你要表示自己的感激之情,常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意为"(某人)对(某人)好"。

2.我想尽可能早点见到他。

误:I would like seeing him as soon as possible.

正:I would like to see him as soon as possible.

析:would like ='d like, 用来表示"想要、希望、愿意",后跟动词不定式,不跟动名词。

3.我对他的汉语有些担忧。

误:I'm worried for his Chinese. 正:I'm worried about his Chinese.

析:"对……担忧"应用 be worried about 。

4.两个月太长了。

误:Two months are quite a long time.

正:Two months is quite a long time.

析:表示重量、时间、长度、价值等的名词作主语,尽管是复数形式,但仍作为一个整体看待,动词一般用单数形式。如:

Ten dollars is enough. 十美元够了。

5.全家人打算在那儿呆两个月。

误:The whole family are going there for two months.

正:The whole family is going there for two months.

析:在这里family指整个家庭,所以动词用单数形式。试比较:My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。(这里指家庭成员,动词用复数)

6.我看见他们正在踢足球。

误:I saw them play football.

正:I saw them playing football.

析:在see、hear、watch等动词后,既可接不带to 的动词不定式,又可带现在分词作宾语补足语,但它们所表示的意义不同。用不定式时说明动作发生了,即动作的全部过程结束了。用现在分词表示动作正在发生,即处于发生的过程 中,还没有结束。

7.我对科学感兴趣。

误:I'm interesting in science.

正:I'm interested in science.

析:interesting "令人感兴趣的",可用作标语,其主语是物,也可以用作定语,修饰人或物。interested"感兴趣的",常用于be(become) interested的结构,主语是人。

8.她没乘车去,而是步行的。

误:She went there on foot instead by bus.

正:She went there on foot instead of by bus.

正:She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.

析:instead"代替",表示前面的事情没有做,而是做了后面的事,一般位于句首或句尾,但不能位于句中,且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那个句子一般是肯定形式,前面的那个句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意义,后可接一个并列成分。

9.那个男孩有那么多奇怪的问题。

误:The boy had such many strange questions.

正:The boy had so many strange questions.

析:表示"这样(那样)多",可用so many(用于复数可数名词)或so much (用不可数名词)。它们是固定搭配,so 不能用such代替。

10.请让他把音量调小点儿。

误:Ask him to turn off it, please.

正:Ask him to turn it down, please.

析:表示通过使用开关或调节器,将电器或类似用品(收音机、电视机等)的声音、亮度等调低、关小,用turn down, 其中down是副词,若是代词作宾语时,则要把代词放在turn和down之间。

11.下周我将乘飞机去上海。

误:I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.

正:I'll fly to Shanghai next week.

正:I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.

析:fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再与by air 连用,以免重复。

12.我每周看一次电影。

误:I go to the cinema once every week.

正:I go to the cinema once a week.

析:表示在一段时间内出现一定的次数,用"次数+一段时间"这一结构。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周(月、年)两次。

13.包里装满了书。

误:The bag is full with books.

正:The bag is full of books.

正:The bag is filled with books.

析:be full of =be filled with, 意为"某容器装满了某物",其主语多为容器。

14.我们每个人都有一本词典。

误:Each we have a dictionary.

正:We have a dictionary each.

正:Each of us has a dictionary.

析:each可用作同位语,放在主语、助动词、连系动词之后或句末,谓语动词用复数形式。each of 可和人称代词的宾格连用,谓语用单数形式。

15.手术持续了五个小时。

误:The operation kept five hours.

正:The operation lasted for five hours.

析:动词last可用来表示某事物持续存在下去,也可用于下列情况:某物的数量达到在需要的一段时间内够用,即可说那样东西持续(多长时间)。而keep为"保存、保持"之意,与题意不符。

16.你知道他们的飞机什么时候离开北京吗? 误:Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?

正:Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?

析:宾语从句不论其原来结构如何,都使用陈述句语序,即:不颠倒主谓语,也不另加助动词。

17.昆明的天气比兰州的好。

误:The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.

正:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.

析:在比较句型中,比较的内容应前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天气"与"兰州的天气"比较,而不是与"兰州"这个地名相比较。

18.他告诉我们太阳是圆的。

误:He told us that the sun was round.

正:He told us that the sun is round.

析:在含宾语从句的复合句中,主句是一般过去时,从句可根据需要选用过去的某种时态,但从句若陈述的真理性、普遍性的事情等时,则常用一般现在时。

19.没有消息就是好消息。

误:No news are good news.

正:No news is good news.

析:news尽管看上去是复数形式,但常用作不可数名词,后面的谓语动词要用 单数形式。

20.那台电视机现在立在我们起居室的角落里。

误:That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.

正:That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.

析:"在室内角落处"应说in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在(街、墙)的拐角处"。

21. 他正在忙着做家务。

误:He is busy to do his housework.

正:He is busy doing his housework.

正:He is busy with his housework.

析:be busy doing 表示"忙于做……",doing不能改为to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……",但后面只能接名词,不能接动词的"-ing"形式。

22.我不得不告诉你这件事,对吗?

误:I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?

正:I had to tell you about it, didn't I

析:have to 意为"不得不",其疑问句式的构成不能用have,而要根据不同的人称和世态,选用助动词do 、does 或did。

特别提醒:

含有动词意义的介词

在英语中,有一些介词表示的却是动词的含义,主要有:

1.at : 在与表达感情的形容詞连用时,可代替"听""看"等动词,如:

She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她听到这个坏消息时,大吃一惊。

2.to : 在与go, come , invite等动词连用时, 可代替 "参加""出席" 等动词, 如:

Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去开会去了。

3.for;在与go, come , return等动词连用时,可代替后面表明 "目的" 动词, 如:

What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他来干么?他来取钱包。

4.for : 在与start, leave, set等表示离开,启程等动词连用时,相当于汉语的 "走""到""往" 等意思,如:

They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五时,他们出发去上海。

5.有些介词短语作連系动词的表语,有动词含义,如:What is he at? 他在干什么?

6.有些介词短语可代替动词不定式短语,作定语,自然会有动词意义,如: It's time for breakfast.现在是早餐的时间了/ 该吃早饭了。

7.with,在类似下列的句子中,意为use,如:

He often writes with my pen他时常以我的钢笔写. 他常有我的钢笔写字。

8.by与表示交通工具的单词连用,相当于汉语的 "坐""乘" 等意思,如:

Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火车去工作? 你们打算乘飞机还是坐火车去旅行?

★ 英语语法课件 ★

一个句子一般皆由两部分组成,即主语部分(subject group)和谓语部分(predicate group)。

主语部分一般由名词或动名词构成,谓语部分一般由动词构成。如:Professor Ward teaches English to university students.沃德教授给大学生教英语。

句中的Professor Ward是主语部分,teaches English to university students 是谓语部分。

句子成分(members of the sentence )是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子由各个句子成分所构成。句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语、同位语八种。一个句子未必有主语和宾语,但一定有谓语。

主语

主语(subject)是句子叙述的主体,一般置于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或是什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。例如:

(1)The plane has just taken off at the airport. 飞机刚从机场起飞。

(2)I respect his privacy. 我尊重他的隐私权。

两句中“the plane”和”I"做主语。

谓语

谓语(predicate)说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征或状态,一般由动词来承担。谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”和“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

宾语

宾语(object),又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的对象或接受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。名词、代词、数词、动名词、to do不定式、一个句子都可以做宾语,而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。

定语

定语(Attributive)是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。定语主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。“的”是定语的标志。

状语

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。

状语的功用:说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

补语

英语补语(Complement)的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的,是起补充说明作用的成分。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作补语。

表语

表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem, look ,sound, feel, get, smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。

同位语

同位语(appositive)是当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。同位语和补语的'区别在于:补语不能缺少,同位语可以缺少。

独立成分

独立成分(independent element)是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面,与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时,它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

中考英语语法汇总

(一)动词概述

动词是表示人或事物的动作、存在、变化的词。分析95年至今的中考不难发现,动词部分主要考查学生对主动结构中各个时态的运用。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时出现的概率较高。而被动语态主要是考一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和情态动词的'被动语态。

(二)基础知识梳理

1.动词的种类

根据其词义和其在谓语中的作用可分为实义动词、助动词和情态动词。根据其在句子中的功用可分为及物动词和不及物动词,连系动词界于两者之间。

1)实义动词:意义完全,能独立用作谓语。如:enable,watch,run,open等。

2)连系动词:是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须在后面接表语(通常为名词或形容词)。如:seem,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,turn,be等。

3)助动词:本身没有词汇意义。不能单独用作谓语。在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。如:do,does,did等。

4)情态动词:词义不完全。在句中不能单独作谓语,只能与实义动词一起构成谓语。如:can,may,must,need,ought to等。

2.动词的时态:

时态

常用的提示语

一般现在时

always,usually,sometimes,often,every,once a week,in the morning,in December,in spring,on Mondays等。

一般过去时

ago,just now,before 2005,yesterday,last Friday,once,the other day,those days,once upon a time,long before等。

一般将来时

tomorrow,the coming... ,in the future,next Tuesday,in two hours,some day,soon,before long,this evening等。

现在进行时

now,at the moment,look,listen,be quite,these days,still等。

过去进行时

this time yesterday,at that time,from 9 to 11 last Friday,when,while等。

现在完成时

since,for,already,yet,just,in the past few years/ months,in the last few weeks/months/days等。

过去完成时

by the end of last term/month/year,by yesterday,by 2004,by last Monday等。

过去将来时

大都出现在主句动词为一般过去时的宾语从句中。

有些动词所表示的动作即便在说话时正在进行,也不能用进行时。这些动词通常表示情感、想法、感觉或所属。

表示情感的动词:like,dislike,love,hate.

表示想法的动词:believe,know,want,mean,understand,remember.

表示感觉的动词:feel,see,hear,taste,smell.

表示所属的动词:belong,own,have.

有些动词常用进行时表示将来,如:come,go,leave,arrive。

3.动词的被动语态

英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态。它的基本结构为:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。所有的时态变化在助动词be上。以动词sing为例。

时态/语态

主动语态

被动语态

一般现在时

Jay sings many songs every year.

Many songs are sung by Jay every year.

一般过去时

Jay sang many songs last year.

Many songs were sung by Jay last year.

一般将来时

Jay will sing/ is going to sing many songs this year.

Many songs will be sung/are going to be sung by Jay this year.

现在进行时

Jay is singing an English song.

An English song is being sung by Jay.

过去进行时

Jay was singing a song just now.

A song was being sung by Jay just now.

现在完成时

Jay has sung lots of songs in the past

few years.

Lots of songs have been sung by Jay in

the past few years.

过去完成时

Jay had sung plenty of songs by last year.

Plenty of songs had been sung by Jay by last year.

过去将来时

Jay said he would sing more songs in the future.

Jay said more songs would be sung in the future.

情态动词的被动语态为:情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

对于一个初学者来说,刚开始不应过度在意语法。

这就好比小孩走路,没有必要掌握技巧,需要的只是多多尝试,慢慢地就有了感觉,然后平衡能力就好了,随着年龄的增长可以学习如何走得好看。其实学英语也是如此,刚开始要多读,多说,学任何语言都要有一个模仿的过程。

有了一定的阅读量和词汇量之后,也就是说你有了一定的积累,然后就可以看看语法了,刚开始看一些简单的语法,再回想一下你读过的一些东西,仔细想这些句子是怎么来的。

看语法的话也讲究主次,最基本的一定要先掌握,比如主谓宾,动词(及物动词,不及物动词)等等,句式结构,句式搭配都有哪些,这些东西也是你学习语法的骨架,是学习英语的根本,试想这些基本的东西你都搞不明白,你怎么可能去读懂那些更高级的句子呢。

更进一步,可以通过阅读来不断地巩固你所学习的语法,也就是我们通常所说的培养语感,当你大多数时候靠语感来判读分析一个句子的时候,说明你的英语水平已经很可以了,就像我们说我们的汉语时,根本就不用寻思它合理与否。

★ 英语语法课件 ★

There be 句型与have, has的区别

1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

What’s + 介词短语?

Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”

1. I________a good father and a good mother.

2. ____________a telescope on the desk.

3. He_________a tape-recorder.

4. _____________a basketball in the playground.

5. She__________some dresses.

6. They___________a nice garden.

7. What do you___________?

8. ______________a reading-room in the building?

9. What does Mike___________?

10. ______________any books in the bookcase?

11. My father_________a story-book.

12. _______________a story-book on the table.

13. _______________any flowers in the vase?

14. How many students____________in the classroom?

15. My parents___________some nice pictures.

16. _____________some maps on the wall.

17. ______________a map of the world on the wall.

18. David__________a telescope.

19. David’s friends___________some tents.

20. ______________many children on the hill.

用恰当的be动词填空。

1、There a lot of sweets in the box.

2、There some milk in the glass.

3、There some people under the the big tree.

4、There a picture and a map on the wall.

5、There a box of rubbers near the books.

6、There lots of flowers in our garden last year.

7、There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.

8、There four cups of coffee on the table.

Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”

1. I_________ a nice puppet.

2. He_________a good friend.

3. They__________ some masks.

4. We___________some flowers.

5. She___________ a duck.

6. My father____________ a new bike.

7. Her mother___________a vase.

8. Our teacher_________ an English book.

9. Our teachers___________a basketball.

10. Their parents___________some blankets

11. Nancy_________many skirts.

12. David__________some jackets.

13. My friends__________a football.

14. What do you__________?

15. What does Mike__________?

16. What do your friends___________?

17. What does Helen___________?

18. His brother________a basketball.

19. Her sister_________a nice doll.

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