✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
一致
yí zhì
【反义词】
分歧、纷歧、相反
【近义词】
相似、划一、一律、类似、相同、绝对、一概、同等、相仿
【词语释义】
没有分歧
详细解释
释义:(1).趋向相同。亦谓没有分歧
【示例】:清 王夫之 《姜斋诗话》卷一:"作者用一致之思,读者各以其情而自得。" 鲁迅 《且介亭杂文·忆韦素园君》:" 未名社 的同人,实在并没有什么雄心和大志,但是,愿意切切实实的,点点滴滴的做下去的意志,却是大家一致的。"
释义:(2).犹一律
【出处】:老舍 《骆驼祥子》三:"四外由一致的漆黑,渐渐能分出深浅,虽然还辨不出颜色,可是田亩远树已都在普遍的灰暗中有了形状。"
【示例】:老舍 《正红旗下》十一:"花厅里的木器一致是楠木色的,蓝与绿是副色。"
释义:(3).犹言一得
【出处】:南朝 梁 刘勰 《文心雕龙·通变》:"若乃龌龊于偏解,矜激乎一致,此庭间之回骤,岂万里之逸步哉!"
【词语造句】
他早晚得和别人一致起来。
我们在这个问题上是一致的.。
书面语比口语往往更加一致。
此方程式与(8.51)一致。
我始终和你的意见一致。
相对性指的是不一致性。
刻痕具有渗透度一致的好处。
你的理论和我的经验不一致。
工人投票一致要求罢工。
在那一点上我和你是一致的。
两院一致投票赞成这项决定。
我们终于取得了一致的意见。
货物种类与信用证一致。
大家一致认为没有别的办法。
他们一致同意给他奖赏。
不变性指的是一致的部分。
他们的意见和我们不一致。
在这点上我和你是一致的。
大家一致认为表演很成功。
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
如果用作主语的名词或代词是单数,则谓语动词用单数;如果用作主语的名词或代词是复数,则谓语动词用复数;如果用作主语的名词是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。
【真题链接1】(2015年重庆B卷) —How many people are there in your group?
—Four. Three boys ______ in our group.
A. is B. are
C. were D. was
【解析】选B。句子主语Three boys为复数名词,故谓语动词要用复数;根据语境可知,答句谓语要用一般现在时,故空格处应填are。
【真题链接2】(2015年郴州卷) —What would you like, coffee or tea?
—Either ______ OK. I dont mind.
A. is B. are
C. was
【解析】选A。either用作代词,意为“两者中的任何一个”,在句中做主语时,谓语动词用单数;根据语境可知,空格处要用一般现在时,故填is。
【真题链接3】(2015年黄石卷) The writer and speaker ______ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.
A. are giving B. is giving
C. will give D. has given
【解析】选B。the writer and speaker意为“这位作家兼演说家”,指的是同一个人,由时间状语now可知,该句用现在进行时态,故空格处应填is giving。
【真题链接4】(2011年德阳卷) —Physics ______ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?
—Yes, I think so.
A. is B. are
C. have D. has
【解析】选A。句子主语Physics意为“物理”,在这里指一门学科。虽然主语形式上是复数,但表示的是单数意义,故谓语动词用单数;再根据句意可知,空格处应用系动词,故填is。
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
a number of ... 意为“许多、若干”,若用作主语,其后的谓语动词用复数;the number of ... 意为“……的数量”,若用作主语,其后的谓语动词用单数。
【真题链接1】(2015年益阳卷) —How many women doctors are there in your hospital?
—______ them ______ over twenty.
A. A number of; are
B. The number of; are
C. The number of; is
【解析】选C。句意为:——你们医院有多少名医生?——20多名。the number of ...意为“……的数量”,做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
【真题链接2】(2015年南充卷) The number of the volunteers ______ 100 now. And a small number of them ______ already gone to the workplace.
A. is; have B. are; have
C. is; are D. is; has
【解析】选A。the number of ... 做主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数,故第一空填is;a number of做主语时,其后的谓语动词用复数,又因为该句是现在完成时,故第二空填have。
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
1. Need I/he/…?
2. Must I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)
3. May I/ he/…?
4. Could(Can)you…?
5. Shall I/she/ he…?
No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t
二、情态动词表“推测”
1.can,may,must使用的句式:
1)肯定陈述句中:must表“肯定、必定、一定”意,may/might表“也许,或许”意。
2)否定陈述句中:can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意,may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。
3)疑问句中:只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。
注意:表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间,而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。
2.对目前状态的推测:
1)must/may/might/can/could+be+表语
例如:She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。
2)must/may/might/can/could+一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)
例如:She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.
That kind of bird may live in the valleys.
3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测:
句式:must/may/might/can/could+be doing
例如:They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。
She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。
Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗?
4.对已发生的事情进行推测:
句式:must/may/might/can/could+have done
例如:There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?
注意:will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。
例如:He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学,因为他对此懂得很多。
1.should/ought to +have done,意“本应该…”,含有责备或后悔意。
例如:You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./
2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to+have done,意“本不应该”,含有责备或后悔意。
例如:You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.
3.might have done,意“过去可能做”;could have done意“本能够做”,两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意,也可表对过去情况的推测。
例如:He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的,可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。
1.“肯定祈使句+附加问句”结构,附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。
例如:Stand still,will/would/won’t you?
2.“否定祈使句+附加问句”结构,附加问句常用will/would you形式。
例如:Don’t watch TV,will/would you?
3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?
1)must表示“必须”时,附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如:He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?
2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时,附加部分用may.例如:She mustn’t leave,may she?
3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时,附加部分主要有下列几种形式:
A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)
B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?
C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he?(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)
D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)
E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)
5.含有may表推测的句子,其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。
例如:She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?
1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法,have to强调客观需要,表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。
2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时,也可用于将来时,could只用于过去时,be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ,而不用could(not)。例如:He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.
3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如:Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.
②would表示过去习惯性的动作,但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如:He would walk by the river in the morning.注意:would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如:He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.
1.-Could I borrow your dictionary? (NMET)
-Yes,of course you________.
析:B、D意明显不合;A语气不妥,与of course不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法,并非过去时,所以答案应为C。
2.-Shall I tell John about it?
-No,you_________.I’ve told him already. (NMET)
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shoudn’t
析:B意明显不合用,可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”,shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’ve told him already”相贴切。
3.-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.
-It_________a comfortable journey. (NMET)
C.mustn’t have been uldn’t have been
析:A、B是对现在情况而言,与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’t have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合,时态也对,故为正确答案。
4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ,but everyone________get out.
uld B.would C.was able to D.had to
析:根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中,因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词,故定答案为C。
5.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I________for her.
A.had to write it out B.must have written it out
C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
析:A项意“(当时)不得不写出来”,不合题意;D项意“(现在)应写出来”也不合题意;B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来”明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文。
6.That young man has made so much noise that he_________not have been allowed to attend the concert. (上海高考题)
析:若选A。意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合,应排除;B项不可选;C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖。只有D“should not have been allowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意。
7.-Can I help you,sir?
-Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it______.(NMET)
A.didn’t work uldn’t work C.can’t work D.doesn’t work
析:若选A。意“昨天不响(今天响了)”,不合题目情景;若选B。其意是“当时不能工作(现在能工作了)”,显然不合题;若选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作(是废品)”这未免显得武断;只有D表“这台机子不响(有毛病)”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因。
1.“Either A or B+谓语”结构,谓语取决于B。
例:Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball,otherwise they
would take part in the basketball match.
但在一般疑问句中,谓语取决于A。
例如:Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball?
Is either he or you going there?
这种谓语取决于与其最近的主语现象叫做“就近原则”。
2.“Neither A nor B+谓语”结构,谓语多取决于B。但现代英语也出现复数谓语,
理由是neither A nor B是两部分之和,为复数概念,故其后可用复数谓语。
例如:Neither she nor I was(或were)fortunate enough to gain extra points.
她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。
Neither you nor he does(或do)well in maths.
3.Neither of…接单、复谓(通常视为单数,但在口语中,从意义上亦可视为复数)
例:Neither of them is(或are)right.
None of you is(或are)fit for the job.
(together)with(以及)B+谓语”结构,谓语取决于A。
The trainer along with two gymnasts is in the gym.
教练和两个体操运动员在体操房里。
All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李东所有人都通过了考试。
Nobody but Li Dong and Wang Hong has passed the test.
除了李东和王宏没有什么人通过那场考试。
5. 表示钱数、时间、长度、数学等概念名词其后通常用单数谓语。
例:200 yuan / 500 dollars / 20 minutes is not enough for us.
makes 15.
makes 5.
20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他们吃不消的。
6. There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词,若是单数名词,则be为is/was;
若是复数名词,则be为are/were(即第1条中的“就近原则”)。
例如:There is a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.
There are three sofas,two chairs and a desk in the room.
7. a group of…,a team of…后跟复谓、单谓皆可,跟复谓的理由是不止一个人,跟单谓的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。
例如:A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street.
8. 象school ,class,family,team,group government等这类群体名词,其后谓语可能是单数形式,也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时,用单数谓语;视其为群体成员时,则用复数谓语。
例如:The class are having a meeting. 这个班学生在开会。
The class is not very big. 这个班不是大班。
The family enjoy singing and dancing. 这家人喜欢唱歌跳舞。
The family has only three persons.这家只有三口人。
9. 象police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词,其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded
(伤员)后总是跟复数谓语。
10. 象clothing,news,information,advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语,但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时,也可跟复数谓语。
例如:The clothing is very nice.The news is interesting.
Five articles of clothing are over there.
Three pieces of news were announced on TV.
11.百分数of+复名+复谓,百分数of+单名/不可数名词+单谓
例:40 percent of the students are girls.
80 percent of the work/the book has been finished.
分数后的谓语形式同百分数。
12. who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词从句+单谓
例:How he got there is unknown./Why she did it remains a puzzle./It’s lucky that he is still alive.
13. A (large)number of+复名+复谓。
例:A number of books are over there.
A large amount of+不可数名词+单谓。
例:A large amount of money has been spent.
The number of+复名+单谓。
例:The number of the students in our school is .
1._____either he or I to leave for America?
析:由or,either…or, nor, neither…or, whether…or, not…but, not only…but also等连接的并列主语,其谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”处理,因为空白处与he最近,故要选A。
2. No one has finished his homework,________?
A.have they B.haven’t they C.has he D.hasn’t he
析:由No one可知空白处应选肯定式,故可排除B,D。又因为句子表述的意思是“没
有一个人完成作业”,从人数上看是很多人没完成作业,故排除C项,而选A。
3. There comes the bus,_______?
A.doesn’t there B.doesn’t it C.does it D.are there
析:这是一个倒装句,主语是bus,谓语是comes, 所以答案应选B。
4. He is a teacher but his wife is a doctor,_______?
A.isn’t she B.isn’t it C.aren’t they D.isn’t he
析:此题问句前部分含but,重点是强调his wife is a doctor,故问句部分取决于此部分,因此,该题答案为A。
5. They don’t think money is everything,_______?
A.is it B.isn’t it C.will they D.do they
析:如果是“I/ We(don’t)think+宾从”则反意问句主语和谓语取决于宾语从句,但此句主句的主语不是I或we,而是They,这时反意问句部分的主语和谓语要取决 于主句的主、谓语,所以此题答案应选D。
6. Each soldier and sailor_____given a rifle when the ship landed.
析:根据when the ship landed,可知应排除C,D.又因“each/every A and(each/every)B”结构的主语后面应跟单数谓语,所以答案为B。
7.More than one person_____involved(卷入)in th case.
析:要表达“被卷入”,只能在A,B之中选一个,因more than one后应跟单名,单
谓,所以答案为A。
8.He is the only one of our customers who____this kind of article.
A.like B.likes C.are fond of d
析:从时态考虑可排除D。因“the/the only…of+复名”后的定语从句谓语应该
用单数形式,所以答案应是B。但此题若将the only 去掉,则答案为A。
1. The possibe____often proved impossible.
2.Neither you nor I am mad,____?
A.are you B.aren’t I C.am I D.are we
3.You don’t think I am wrong,____?
A.don’t you B.do you C.aren’t D.am I
4.It was Lin Song who broke the rules of the school,____?
A.wasn’t it B.didn’t he C.was it D.did he
5.Bruce must have been in China for a long time,_____?
A.hasn’t he B.mustn’t he C.Isn’t he D.wasn’t he
6.What the teacher has said is true,____?
A.has he B.hasn’t he C.is it D.isn’t it
7.It must have snowed last night,____?
A.isn’t it B.haven’t he C.mustn’t it D.didn’t it
8.It’s the first time that Xiao Qing has been to Tianjin,_____?
A.has she B.is it C.hasn’t she D.isn’t it
9. The trousers_____fit for him.
10.He rather than Li Ying and Wang Ping____praised by the teacher.
11.Where is my pen?I_____it. (NMET)
A.should have lost B.must have lost C.would have lost D.might lose
12.A computer____think for itself ; it must be told what to do.(NMET)
A.can’t uldn’t C.may not D.might not
13.We_____last night ,but we went to the concert instead. (NMET)
A.must have studied B.might study
C.should have studied D.would study
14.I didn’t hear the phone ,I_____asleep. (NMET)
A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been
15.Be sure to write to us,_____? (NMET)
A.will you B.aren’t you C.can you D.mustn’t you
16.I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning.She____at the meeting.
A.mustn’t have spoken B.shoudn’t have spoken
C.needn’t have spoken uldn’t have spoken
17.There is plenty of time.She____. (NMET)
A.must have hurried B.needn’t have hurried
C.must not hurry uldn’t have hurried
18.You don’t______to go there if you have no time.(上海)
19.Sir,you_____be sitting in this waiting-room.It is for women and children
A.oughtn’t to B.can’t C.won’t D.don’t
20.Tom ought not to_____me your secret ,but he meant no harm. (NMET)
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told
21.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack_____be here at any moment.(NMET)
22.Your coat is dirty,_____it for you?
A.Am I washing B.Will I wash C.Am I going to wash D.Shall I wash
23.No one _____that to his face.
A.dare say B.dare to say C.dares saying D.dares said
24.There used to be a church in the east of the town,_____?
A.didn’t there B.usen’t to there C.used there D.usedn’t to there
25._____you be happy!
26.Put on more clothes . You_____be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
27.-Why didn’t you answer when I called you?
-I_____but you didn’t hear me.
A.had to uldn’t C.didn’t answer D.did
28.I_____that time is more valuable than money.
A.hardly need say B.need hardly say
C.need hardly to say D.hardly need to say
29.I____like to become a pianist some day.
30 He_____there now,but I am not sure.
A.maybe B.may be C.may have been D.might have been
31.-I didn’t see him yesterday.
-Oh,but you______.
A.ought to B.should have C.can’t have D.may have
32.-Where were you this morning?I tried to call you.
-I _____ to the library for a while.
A.tried to go B.should go C.must go D.had to go
33.The flower is dead.I_____it more water.
A.will give B.must give C.should have given D.would have given
34.-Does Tom want to go to the film?
-Yes,but he says_____tonight.
A.he’d not rather go B.he’ll rather not go
C.he won’t rather go D.he’d rather not go
35.-Did you walk home by yourself last night?
-Yes ,I did. But I guess I_____.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.may not have D.needn’t have
36.-Do you speak Japanese?
-No,I don’t , but I_____speak Chinese.
37.If you_____quiet ,I’ll tell you what happned
A.be B.will be C.are D.are to be
38.-Look ,it_____be Li Ping.
-No,it____be him.He’s gone abroad.
A.may;mustn’t B.must;may C.must;can’t D.can;may not
fessor Wang,many students want to see you. _____they wait here or outside?
40.I can’t find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building.Where____he have gone?
41.Wherever you____,there’s no place like home.
A.can go B.must go C.might go D.may go
42.-Don’t forget to post the letter for me.
-I _____.
43.-Must I take a taxi?
-No,you_____.You can walk from here.
A.don’t B.must not C.don’t have to D.had better not to
44.The bus _____start;I don’t know what to do with it.
A.can’t B.won’t C.shan’t D.may not
45.The car broke down on the way ,but we_____get out of the desert at last.
A.might B.would C.were able to uld
46.The rest of the lecture_____interesting.
47.One and a half bananas____eaten by the little boy.
A.were B.was C.have been D.was to
48.The cattle_____still grazing in the fields.
49.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_____a mystery(谜)to
us.
A.remains B.remain C.is D.look like
50.All _____not gold that glitters.
1-5 B D B A A 6-10 D D D B D 11-15 B B C B A
16-20 D C A A A 21-25 C D A A B 26-30 D D D C B
31-35 B D C D D 36-40 C B C D B 41-45 D A C B C
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
今天,是星期天。我和爸爸妈妈一起到爸爸的单位里去。
到了爸爸的单位里,我们看到了那只狗。爸爸对我说,那只狗就是涂涂。可是,我却非常地怀疑。那是因为那只狗真的发生了很大的变化。一是这只狗的毛色发生了巨大的变化,以前它是灰灰的,而如今变成金黄色的。以前的毛还要短,而如今却变长了。于是,我就问妈妈:“妈妈,你觉得这只真的是涂涂吗?”妈妈看了看,说:“我觉得可能不是,它怎么会变化变得那么的大呢?”
妈妈也觉得这只狗有点不像涂涂。只有我和妈妈的意见是一致的。
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
提要:根据《劳动法》第四十条的规定,甲方额外支付乙方______个月工资;根据《劳动法》第四十六条第二款和第四十七条的规定,甲方支付乙方(乙方)于______年______月______日加入_______________有限公司(甲方)任职。现甲、乙双方遵循公平合法、平等自愿原则协商一致达成如下协议:
一、根据《劳动民法典》第四十条的规定,甲方额外支付乙方个______月工资;根据《劳动民法典》第四十六条第二款和第四十七条的规定,甲方支付乙方______个月工资月工资支付标准为税前乙方在劳动合同解除前十二个月的平均工资。
二、发放乙方在职期间作为兼职计划生育工作者的计划生育______年度达标奖金____________元。
三、具有和其他在职员工平等参与______年度奖金分配的权利。
双方同意从______年______月______日起解除劳动合同。
本解除劳动合同协议书一式两份,双方签字或盖章后有效,具有同等法律效力。
甲方:_____(盖章)乙方:_____(签名)
法定代表人:_____
____________年______月______日
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
鲁迅曾说:“光是话不行,要紧的是做。”而我,则是只是话,没有做。
以前,我总是对自己说,今天你一定要复习历史,背会重点。总是对母亲说,我要背地理,背英语。但是每当我看到历史书上满满的笔记,地理书上复杂的地形图,英语书上长长的单词,就想:啊?这么多?这么难?不背了,不背了,反正离考试还早,有的是时间,怕什么。然而,就在离考试还有不到一周的时间时,我看到同学们都在做着复习的收尾阶段,而我却什么都不会,于是这才点灯熬油的在晚上“奋发图强”。我经常想,下次一定要早早复习,但是每次都是一时间还多为理由而一次次的把一次次复习的好机会错过了。进入了假期,我每天给自己定下了目标,写下了计划,但无疑都被我一推再推,一拖再拖,完美的计划就这样破产了,转眼化为泡影。
于是,我终于忍不住问了问自己:为什么你就不能付诸行动呢?看看班上的那些学霸们,他们每天井井有条,生活的也很充足,依旧在各大培训机构奔波,但作业却是一项也不落的、高质量的完成,他们都是日日复习,周周总结,他们都是说了就一定做,但做了就不一定说的人。
我想成为班上学霸中的一员,第一步就是言与行的结合。于是,我决定要做以下安排:
一、让家长监督计划的完成;
二、不拖拖拉拉找借口,今日事,今日毕;
三、光说不练是纸上谈兵,做到做法与话语一致,行动与目标一致。
就算有再大的目标,再高远的志向,再宏伟的人生蓝图,光靠嘴上说是不行的。肯尼迪曾说:“最大的危险是无所行动。”于是,我又制订了一份学习计划,我相信,通过我的努力,我一定会成为一个言行一致的人,一个行动的巨人!
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
1. 形式上虽为单数,但意义为复数名词,如the police, people, cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。
注:people 作“民族”解时,其单数形式为people,复数形式为peoples,作主语时,应用语法一致原则。如:
The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。
2. 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词(或过去分词)”时,谓语动词通常用复数,这类词有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等。另外,像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称,作主语时,谓语动词也用复数。如:
The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。
The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。
3. 形式上为复数,而意义上却是单数的名词,如news, mathematics, physics,politics, economics及以s结尾的.书名、国名等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。
His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965. 他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
规则
情 况
举 例
语
法
一
致
原
则
以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词
用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
Readingin the sun is bad for your eyes.
What he said is very important for us all.
由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
what I bought were three English books.
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物
时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。.
Lucy and Lily are twins
The writer and artist has come.
Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
Many a boy and many a girl likes it.
No boy and no girl likes it.
Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?
Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter
若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
None of the sugar was left.
None of us has (have) been to America.
在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致
It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.
It is we whoare going to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式;如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式
The police are looking for the lost child.
The cattle are eating grass in the field.
His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)
His family are watching TV.(他的家人)
Class four is on the third floor.(四班)
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.(四班的学生)
由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
此外,还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法(用复数),但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定(用单数)。
A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.
The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result. Such are the facts.
Between the two hills stands a monument.
逻
辑
意
义
一
致
原
则
What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
Which is your bag? Which are your bags?
Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?
All can be done has been done. All is going well.
All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.
表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty minutes is enough for the work..
Twenty pounds is too dear.
如强调这类词的复数意义,则谓语动词要用复数形式
Forty kilos of water are used every day.
若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
The United States is smaller than China.
“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
One and a half apples is left on the table.
一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,
它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。
I don’t think physics is easy to study.
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时(clothes被a suit of 修饰)谓语动词用单数。
My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人动词用复数;若表示某一类东西时,动词用单数。
The old are taken good care of there.
The beautiful gives pleasure to all.
就
近
/远
一
致
原
则
当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
Neither he nor they are wholly right.
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
Is neither he nor they wholly right?
there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致,即就近一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语,谓语动词要跟主语一致,即就远一致。
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
A woman with a baby was on the bus.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.
No one except my teachers knows anything about it.
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
知识点:
在英语学习中,同学们会逐渐发现随着学习的不断深入,能够充当主语的成分也越来越多,除了常见的名词、代词,还有非谓语、句子等等,那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题,也是历来高考拟题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下:
1. 由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
例句:Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母都不在家。
Note:“either…or, neither…nor, or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复,最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
There comes the bus. 汽车来了。
3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
例句:I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
4. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句:It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, no less than,besides,except, but, including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。
例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句:What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说:“多保重!”
4. 当主语与all, none, any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。
5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。
例句:Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。
80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。
Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。
6. 词组“a number of, a great/good many, a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。
例句: A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。
The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。
7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。
My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来
1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
例句:When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。
Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。
Note:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。
例句:What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。
2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。
例句: The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。
分析:a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人,故谓语动词用单数;而b)句中有两个人,一个是小说家the novelist,另一个是诗人the poet。
3. 专用名词,如:书名、剧名、报刊名、国家(组织)名等,通常作单数用。
例句:The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于1776年。
4. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
例句:10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。
5.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。
例句:2 times 3 makes 6. 二乘三等于六。
1. and连结的两个或多个主语前如果有each, every, no等修饰语时(后面的一个有时也可省略),后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。
2. 英语句中的each, either, neither等词,既可作代词充当主语,又可作形容词修饰主语,这时的谓语动词一律用单数。
例句:Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。
3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例句:Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。
4. many a / more than one + 单数名词,一般接单数谓语动词。
例句:Many a man does not understand Einstein’s relativity.许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。
5. “one and a half + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
例句:One and a half hours has passed. 一个半小时过去了。
6. 成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers,pants,gloves,stockings等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但如果前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要用单数。
例句:A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。
7. 以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词(例如;一些学科名词mathematics, physics, politics等),或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。
例句:Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的.单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
1. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.
注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. isB. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
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✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
当非谓语动词做句子的主语时,谓语动词原则上用单数。同学们做题时要注意,若非谓语动词带有自己的宾语,且宾语为复数形式,此时不要受此影响而误用复数谓语。
【真题链接】(2015年哈尔滨卷) Doing eye exercises ______ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.
A. is B. are
C. were
【解析】选A。句子主语Doing eye exercises为动名词短语,故谓语动词用单数形式。切忌受Doing的宾语eye exercises的影响而误用复数谓语。
10.中考英语三轮复习法
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
故事:受伤的人们都戴着眼镜,正在看《一千零一夜》的故事,这时,从远处来了一群牛,牛背上驮着家具,这些家具值3万美元,这可是一大笔钱啊。
译文:The wounded were wearing glasses.
解析:
“the + 形容词或过去分词”,如:the rich, the poor, the blind, the old, the injured, the wounded做主语时,表示具体的某类人或事,谓语动词常常用复数形式。如:
The rich make the poor slaves.
The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.
.表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes,pincers, tongs 夹钳 shears,sessiors 剪子。使用这些词做主语时,谓语应该用复数。
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers,这时,谓语动词应该用单数。
A pair of glasses is necessary to the near-sighted.眼镜对近视眼患者很有必要。
译文:They are reading “the Arabian Nights”.
解析:
以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,用在句子中做主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c.国家名称the United States,the United Nations,应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
“New York Times” is a very influencial paper.纽约时报是一份很有影响的报纸。
译文:Just then, a herd of cattle came from the distance, with furniture on their backs, which was worth 30’000 dollars.
解析:
集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如:people police cattle audience jewellery clothing
等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,
英文中还有些单词,可以看作是一个整体,这时是单数,也可以看作是很多个体,这时表复数的概念。例如:class(班;全班同学), team(队;全体队员), family(家庭;全家人)等。
My class often wins first in the competition.
My class are all girl students.
The family lives happily.
The family all like potatoes and tomatoes.
以下一些词是不可数名词,在句子中当单数处理。furniture equipment
译文:30’000 dollars is a big sum of money.
解析:
表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词或短语做主语时,常常看作一个整体,谓语动词用第三人称单。如
(1)Another three years has passed.
(2) Thirty-six thousand francs is a big sum for the couple to pay off.
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
故事:就近有一只猫和三百只老鼠在玩耍,在我看来,或者猫或者老鼠是要死的,可实际上,猫既没有把老鼠吃掉,老鼠也没有把猫整死,在长期的进化中,不仅是猫而且老鼠也知道了友善,他们彼此和谐相处了。不是猫,而是老鼠认为世界该变一变了。
译文:There is a cat and three mice playing in the yard.
解析:there be 句子是倒装结构,其中be的数的变化取决于最临近的一个主语。例如:
Is there a banana and seven apples on the table?
译文:In my view, either cat or mice are to die in the stuggle.
解析:either…or…或者…或者…,连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数随就近的一个。例如:
Either he or I am to be responsible for the accident.
译文:But , to my surprise, neither mice nor cat dies.
解析:neither…nor…既不…也不…,连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数随就近的一个。例如:
Neither his parents nor he is interested in swimming.
译文:In the long run, they have become friendly to each other. Not cat but mice believe the world should change.
解析:not…but….不是…而是…. ,连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数随就近的一个。例如:
Neither the students nor the teacher runs away in the earthquake.
(符合就近原则的结构有there be, not…but…, not only…but also…, or…or…, neither…nor…)
记忆:
就近有个人在叫卖,不是老头而是老太;
不仅卖瓜而且卖菜,或者现钱或者放债,
既没有车也不用秤,只要你笑她就白送。
✦ 主谓一致的教案 ✦
1、同心同德、万众一心
2、)同心共胆:心志一致。亦作“同心合胆”。
3、齐心协力、齐心合力
4、和同心协力相近的成语,近义词
5、)心口相应:想的与说的相一致。
6、精诚团结:一心一意,团结一致;
7、万众一心:千万人一条心。形容团结一致;
8、戮力同心、矢力同心
9、同仇敌忾,众志成城,万众一心,同心同德
10、和同心协力相近的成语有:齐心协力,齐心合力,群策群力,同心合力,万众一心,竭尽全力,尽心尽力,竭尽所能,戮力同心,洪荒之力,全心全意等词。此类词均是褒义词,都是用来形容众人为实现共同目标而齐心努力,共同奋斗,可谓是众人拾柴火焰高,目标能够早期实现。
11、和同心协力相近的成语十个:
12、)举国一致:全国上下,团结一致。
13、齐心协力、群策群力、风雨同舟、同心合力、同舟共济、同甘共苦、通力合作、和衷共济、同心同德、团结一心等。
14、同心协力、同心戮力
15、群策群力:大家一起出主意,一起出力量。汉·扬雄《法言·重黎》:“汉屈群策,群策屈群力。
16、风雨同舟:意思是指在狂风暴雨中同乘一条船,一起与风雨搏斗,比喻共同经历患难。出自《孙子·九地》。
17、同舟共济:本意是坐一条船,共同渡河。比喻团结互助,同心协力,战胜困难。也比喻利害相同。出自《孙子·九地》。
18、)名实相副:名声和实际一致。
19、齐心协力:思想认识一致,共同努力。例句:大家齐心协力抗击洪涝灾害。
20、同心合力:团结一致,共同努力;
21、)协力齐心:思想一致,共同努力。亦作“协心同力”、“协力同心”。
22、同心协力,团结一致类似成语以及解释:
23、和同心协力相近的成语,成语有:一心一力,同心协力,协力同心,同力协契,同德协力,齐心协力,同心同德,同心戮力,齐心合力,戮力同心,毕力同心,同仇敌忾,群威群胆,群策群力,集思广益,合情合理,通力合作,兄弟齐心其利断金
24、齐心合力:形容认识一致,共同努力;
25、)名实相符:名声与实际一致。
26、同心同德:指思想统一,信念一致;
27、上下同心:上下一心;
28、)言行不贰:犹言言行一致。说的和做的完全一个样。
29、和同心协力相近的成语例子搭配有,齐心协力,和睦相处,万众一心,一心一意,众志成城,同心同德,同心叶力,同甘共苦,共同发展,共同努力,患难与共,群策群力,齐头并进,聚沙成塔,成城断金,团结一致,团结一心,团结合作,同舟共济,分甘共苦,心手相连,风雨兼程,风雨同舟。
30、同心合力:意思是团结一致,共同努力。出自:汉·贾谊《过秦论》。
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